VIDEO:Postconvulsive central apnea as a biomarker for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy

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view post Posted on 6/6/2019, 14:24     +1   -1

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Neurology. 2019 Jan 15;92(3):e171-e182. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000006785. Epub 2018 Dec 19.
Postconvulsive central apnea as a biomarker for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP).
Vilella L1, Lacuey N2, Hampson JP2, Rani MRS2, Sainju RK2, Friedman D2, Nei M2, Strohl K2, Scott C2, Gehlbach BK2, Zonjy B2, Hupp NJ2, Zaremba A2, Shafiabadi N2, Zhao X2, Reick-Mitrisin V2, Schuele S2, Ogren J2, Harper RM2, Diehl B2, Bateman L2, Devinsky O2, Richerson GB2, Ryvlin P2, Lhatoo SD2.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE:
To characterize peri-ictal apnea and postictal asystole in generalized convulsive seizures (GCS) of intractable epilepsy.
METHODS:
This was a prospective, multicenter epilepsy monitoring study of autonomic and breathing biomarkers of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in patients ≥18 years old with intractable epilepsy and monitored GCS. Video-EEG, thoracoabdominal excursions, nasal airflow, capillary oxygen saturation, and ECG were analyzed.

RESULTS:

We studied 148 GCS in 87 patients. Nineteen patients had generalized epilepsy; 65 had focal epilepsy; 1 had both; and the epileptogenic zone was unknown in 2. Ictal central apnea (ICA) preceded GCS in 49 of 121 (40.4%) seizures in 23 patients, all with focal epilepsy. Postconvulsive central apnea (PCCA) occurred in 31 of 140 (22.1%) seizures in 22 patients, with generalized, focal, or unknown epileptogenic zones. In 2 patients, PCCA occurred concurrently with asystole (near-SUDEP), with an incidence rate of 10.2 per 1,000 patient-years. One patient with PCCA died of probable SUDEP during follow-up, suggesting a SUDEP incidence rate 5.1 per 1,000 patient-years. No cases of laryngospasm were detected. Rhythmic muscle artifact synchronous with breathing was present in 75 of 147 seizures and related to stertorous breathing (odds ratio 3.856, 95% confidence interval 1.395-10.663, p = 0.009).

CONCLUSIONS:

PCCA occurred in both focal and generalized epilepsies, suggesting a different pathophysiology from ICA, which occurred only in focal epilepsy. PCCA was seen in 2 near-SUDEP cases and 1 probable SUDEP case, suggesting that this phenomenon may serve as a clinical biomarker of SUDEP. Larger studies are needed to validate this observation. Rhythmic postictal muscle artifact is suggestive of post-GCS breathing effort rather than a specific biomarker of laryngospasm.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=...ath+in+epilepsy

ATTENZIONE ARTICOLO TRADOTTO CON https://www.translatetheweb.com/?from=&to=...2Bin%2Bepilepsy
Postconvulsivo centrale l'apnea come biomarcatore per la morte improvvisa inaspettata nell' epilessia (SUDEP).

Di Vilella L1, Di lacuey N2, Di Hampson JP2, Rani MRS2, Di sainju RK2, Federica D2, La mia2, Rovi c2, La C2, Gehlbach BK2, Di zonjy B2, Di Hupp NJ2, Di Zaremba2, Di shafiabadi N2, Di Zhao X2, Reick-Mitrisin V2, Di schuele S2, Di Ogren2, Di Harper2, Di Diehl B2, Bateman L2, Di Devinsky O2, Di Richerson GB2, Di Vlin2, Lhatoo SD2.



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astratto

obiettivo:

Per caratterizzare l' apnea peri-ictal e l'asistolia i postumi in crisi convulso generalizzate (GCS) di epilessia intrattabile.

Metodi:

Questo è stato uno studio prospettico di monitoraggio dell' epilessia multicentrica di biomarcatori autonomici e respiratori di improvvisa morte inaspettata nell' epilessia (SUDEP) in pazienti di età ≥ 18 anni con epilessia e GCS monitorati. Video-EEG, escursioni thoracoaddominali, flusso d'aria nasale, saturazione di ossigeno capillare, e ECG sono stati analizzati.

Risultati:

Abbiamo studiato 148 GCS in 87 pazienti. Diciannove pazienti avevano epilessiageneralizzata; 65 ha avuto epilessiafocale; 1 aveva entrambi; e la zona epilettogena era sconosciuta in 2. Apnea centrale ictal (ICA) preceduta da gcs nel 49 di 121 (40,4%) crisi epilettiche in 23 pazienti, tutti con epilessiafocale. Postconvulsivo centrale apnea (PCCA) si è verificata in 31 di 140 (22,1%) convulsioni in 22 pazienti, con zone epilettogene generalizzate, focali o sconosciute. In 2 pazienti, PCCA si è verificato in concomitanza con l'asistolia (near-SUDEP), con un tasso di incidenza di 10,2 per 1.000 pazienti-anni. Un paziente con PCCA è morto di probabile SUDEP durante il follow-up, suggerendo un tasso di incidenza di SUDEP 5,1 per 1.000 pazienti-anni. Non sono stati rilevati casi di laringospasmo. L'artefatto muscolare ritmico sincrono con la respirazione era presente nel 75 di 147 crisi epilettiche e correlata alla respirazione stertorosa (rapporto di odds 3,856, 95% di intervallo di confidenza 1.395-10.663, p = 0,009).

Conclusioni:

PCCA si è verificato in epilessie focali e generalizzate, suggerendo una diversa fisiopatologia da ICA, che si è verificata solo nell' epilessiafocale. PCCA è stato visto in 2 casi near-SUDEP e 1 probabile SUDEP caso, suggerendo che questo fenomeno può servire come un biomarcatore clinico di SUDEP. Sono necessari studi più grandi per convalidare questa osservazione. L'artefatto muscolare postictale ritmico è indicativo dello sforzo respiratorio post-GCS piuttosto che di un biomarcatore specifico del laringospasmo.

© 2018 Accademia americana di neurologia.
www.translatetheweb.com/?from=&to=...2Bin%2Bepilepsy
 
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view post Posted on 6/6/2019, 14:29     +1   -1

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Postconvulsive central apnea as a biomarker for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) (1)
Neurology Journal
Pubblicato il 5 giu 2019
Near sudden expected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) event in patient 1, a 58-year-old woman with intractable right mesial frontal lobe epilepsy. Shown are generalized convulsive seizure and the postictal period with video-EEG, ECG, and thoracic and abdominal excursions. After the last clonic jerk at clinical seizure end, the EEG seizure continues for 14 seconds. During this period, the patient has immediate postconvulsive central apnea (PCCA) for 10 seconds, followed by 1 breath and 3 delayed PCCA periods of 12, 32, and 31 seconds, for a total of 85 seconds of PCCA. Concurrent with immediate PCCA, there is bradytachycardia preceding an initial asystole of 40 seconds’ duration, which is followed by 2 more asystole periods of 12 and 7 seconds, making up a total asystole period of 59 seconds. Cardiac rhythm is restored, and breathing excursions become progressively more regular and increase in amplitude. (Audio has been edited to protect the patient's identity.)

Objective: To characterize peri-ictal apnea and postictal asystole in generalized convulsive seizures (GCS) of intractable epilepsy.
Methods: This was a prospective, multicenter epilepsy monitoring study of autonomic and breathing biomarkers of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in patients ≥18 years old with intractable epilepsy and monitored GCS. Video-EEG, thoracoabdominal excursions, nasal airflow, capillary oxygen saturation, and ECG were analyzed.
Results: We studied 148 GCS in 87 patients. Nineteen patients had generalized epilepsy; 65 had focal epilepsy; 1 had both; and the epileptogenic zone was unknown in 2. Ictal central apnea (ICA) preceded GCS in 49 of 121 (40.4%) seizures in 23 patients, all with focal epilepsy. Postconvulsive central apnea (PCCA) occurred in 31 of 140 (22.1%) seizures in 22 patients, with generalized, focal, or unknown epileptogenic zones. In 2 patients, PCCA occurred concurrently with asystole (near-SUDEP), with an incidence rate of 10.2 per 1,000 patient-years. One patient with PCCA died of probable SUDEP during follow-up, suggesting a SUDEP incidence rate 5.1 per 1,000 patient-years. No cases of laryngospasm were detected. Rhythmic muscle artifact synchronous with breathing was present in 75 of 147 seizures and related to stertorous breathing (odds ratio 3.856, 95% confidence interval 1.395–10.663, p = 0.009).
Conclusions: PCCA occurred in both focal and generalized epilepsies, suggesting a different pathophysiology from ICA, which occurred only in focal epilepsy. PCCA was seen in 2 near-SUDEP cases and 1 probable SUDEP case, suggesting that this phenomenon may serve as a clinical biomarker of SUDEP. Larger studies are needed to validate this observation. Rhythmic postictal muscle artifact is suggestive of post-GCS breathing effort rather than a specific biomarker of laryngospasm.

For article, see: https://n.neurology.org/content/92/3/...


 
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view post Posted on 6/6/2019, 14:33     +1   -1

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Postconvulsive central apnea as a biomarker for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) (2)
Pubblicato il 5 giu 2019


Near sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) event in patient 2, a 53-year-old man with intractable epilepsy with unknown epileptogenic zone. Shown are generalized convulsive seizure and the subsequent postictal period with video-EEG, ECG, and thoracic and abdominal excursions. After clinical seizure end, the EEG seizure continues for 5 seconds. During the clonic and postconvulsive phase, the patient has progressive bradycardia. Asystole occurs 3 seconds after EEG seizure end. The first asystole duration is 8 seconds, and the second is 10 seconds. Cardiac rhythm is progressively restored, with a combination of bradycardia-tachycardia. Concurrently with asystole, the patient has delayed postconvulsive central apnea that recurs, with durations of 5 and 16 seconds each, for a total apnea duration of 21 seconds (Audio has been edited to protect the patient's identity.)

Objective: To characterize peri-ictal apnea and postictal asystole in generalized convulsive seizures (GCS) of intractable epilepsy.
Methods: This was a prospective, multicenter epilepsy monitoring study of autonomic and breathing biomarkers of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in patients ≥18 years old with intractable epilepsy and monitored GCS. Video-EEG, thoracoabdominal excursions, nasal airflow, capillary oxygen saturation, and ECG were analyzed.
Results: We studied 148 GCS in 87 patients. Nineteen patients had generalized epilepsy; 65 had focal epilepsy; 1 had both; and the epileptogenic zone was unknown in 2. Ictal central apnea (ICA) preceded GCS in 49 of 121 (40.4%) seizures in 23 patients, all with focal epilepsy. Postconvulsive central apnea (PCCA) occurred in 31 of 140 (22.1%) seizures in 22 patients, with generalized, focal, or unknown epileptogenic zones. In 2 patients, PCCA occurred concurrently with asystole (near-SUDEP), with an incidence rate of 10.2 per 1,000 patient-years. One patient with PCCA died of probable SUDEP during follow-up, suggesting a SUDEP incidence rate 5.1 per 1,000 patient-years. No cases of laryngospasm were detected. Rhythmic muscle artifact synchronous with breathing was present in 75 of 147 seizures and related to stertorous breathing (odds ratio 3.856, 95% confidence interval 1.395–10.663, p = 0.009).
Conclusions: PCCA occurred in both focal and generalized epilepsies, suggesting a different pathophysiology from ICA, which occurred only in focal epilepsy. PCCA was seen in 2 near-SUDEP cases and 1 probable SUDEP case, suggesting that this phenomenon may serve as a clinical biomarker of SUDEP. Larger studies are needed to validate this observation. Rhythmic postictal muscle artifact is suggestive of post-GCS breathing effort rather than a specific biomarker of laryngospasm.

 
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