Pharmacological and Therapeutic Properties of Cannabidiol for Epilepsy.

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view post Posted on 5/8/2019, 20:32     +1   -1

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Drugs. 2019 Aug 1. doi: 10.1007/s40265-019-01171-4. [Epub ahead of print]

Pharmacological and Therapeutic Properties of Cannabidiol for Epilepsy.

Franco V1,2, Perucca E3,4.
Author information
1Division of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy.2IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.3Division of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy. [email protected] Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy. [email protected].
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major active component of the Cannabis plant, which, unlike tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is devoid of euphoria-inducing properties. During the last 10 years, there has been increasing interest in the use of CBD-enriched products for the treatment of epilepsy. In 2018, an oil-based highly purified liquid formulation of CBD (Epidiolex) derived from Cannabis sativa was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome (DS) and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). The mechanisms underlying the antiseizure effects of CBD are unclear but may involve, among others, antagonism of G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), desensitization of transient receptor potential of vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels, and inhibition of adenosine reuptake. CBD has complex and variable pharmacokinetics, with a prominent first-pass effect and a low oral bioavailability that increases fourfold when CBD is taken with a high-fat/high-calorie meal. In four randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, adjunctive-therapy trials, CBD given at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day administered in two divided administrations was found to be superior to placebo in reducing the frequency of drop seizures in patients with LGS and convulsive seizures in patients with DS. Preliminary results from a recently completed controlled trial indicate that efficacy also extends to the treatment of seizures associated with the tuberous sclerosis complex. The most common adverse events that differentiated CBD from placebo in controlled trials included somnolence/sedation, decreased appetite, increases in transaminases, and diarrhea, behavioral changes, skin rashes, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. About one-half of the patients included in the DS and LGS trials were receiving concomitant therapy with clobazam, and in these patients a CBD-induced increase in serum levels of the active metabolite norclobazam may have contributed to improved seizure outcomes and to precipitation of some adverse effects, particularly somnolence.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31372958

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Proprietà farmacologiche e terapeutiche di Cannabidiolo per l'epilessia.

Franco V1,2, Perucca E3,4.
Informazioni sull'autore
1Divisione Di Farmacologia Clinica e Sperimentale, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Terapeutica, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italia.2Fondazione IRCCS Mondino, Pavia, Italia.3Divisione Di Farmacologia Clinica e Sperimentale, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Terapeutica, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italia. [email protected] IRCCS Mondino, Pavia, Italia. [email protected].
astratto
Il cannabidiolo (CBD) è un importante componente attivo della pianta di Cannabis, che, a differenza del tetraidrocannabinolo (THC), è privo di proprietà che inducono euforia. Negli ultimi 10 anni, c'è stato un crescente interesse per l'uso di prodotti arricchiti CBD per il trattamento dell'epilessia. Nel 2018, una formulazione liquida altamente purificata a base di olio di CBD (Epidiolex) derivata da Cannabis sativa è stata approvata dalla Food and Drug Administration statunitense per il trattamento delle crisi epilettiche associate alla sindrome di Dravet (DS) e alla sindrome di Lennox-Gastaut (LGS). I meccanismi alla base degli effetti antisequestro del CBD non sono chiari, ma possono comportare, tra gli altri, antagonismi del recettore accoppiato alle proteine G 55 (GPR55), la desensibilità del potenziale recettore transitorio dei canali vanilloidi di tipo 1 (TRPV1) e l'inibizione reuptake di adenosina. CBD ha farmacocinetici complessi e variabili, con un prominente effetto al primo passaggio e una biodisponibilità orale bassa che aumenta quattro volte quando CBD viene assunto con un pasto ad alto contenuto di grassi / ad alto contenuto calorico. In quattro studi randomizzati, in doppio cieco, in gruppi paralleli, di terapia associativa, CBD somministrato a dosi di 10 e 20 mg/kg/giorno somministrati in due amministrazioni divise sono risultati superiori al placebo nel ridurre la frequenza delle crisi epilettiche di caduta nei pazienti con LGS e crisi convulsive in pazienti con il DS. I risultati preliminari di una prova controllata completato di recente indicano che l'efficacia si estende anche al trattamento delle crisi associate con il complesso tuberoso di sclerosi. Gli eventi avversi più comuni che differenziata CBD rispetto al placebo in studi clinici controllati inclusa sonnolenza/sedazione, diminuzione dell'appetito, aumento delle transaminasi e diarrea, cambiamenti comportamentali, eruzioni cutanee, stanchezza e disturbi del sonno. Circa la metà dei pazienti inclusi negli studi DS e LGS stavano ricevendo la terapia concomitante con clobazam e in questi pazienti un aumento nei livelli del siero di norclobazam il metabolita attivo CBD-indotta può aver contribuito ai risultati migliore di grippaggio e alla precipitazione di alcuni effetti avversi, in particolare sonnolenza.

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view post Posted on 5/8/2019, 20:37     +1   -1

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Pharmacological and Therapeutic Properties of Cannabidiol for Epilepsy
Authors
Valentina Franco
Emilio Perucca

Abstract

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major active component of the Cannabis plant, which, unlike tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is devoid of euphoria-inducing properties. During the last 10 years, there has been increasing interest in the use of CBD-enriched products for the treatment of epilepsy. In 2018, an oil-based highly purified liquid formulation of CBD (Epidiolex) derived from Cannabis sativa was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of seizures associated with Dravet syndrome (DS) and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS). The mechanisms underlying the antiseizure effects of CBD are unclear but may involve, among others, antagonism of G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), desensitization of transient receptor potential of vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels, and inhibition of adenosine reuptake. CBD has complex and variable pharmacokinetics, with a prominent first-pass effect and a low oral bioavailability that increases fourfold when CBD is taken with a high-fat/high-calorie meal. In four randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, adjunctive-therapy trials, CBD given at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day administered in two divided administrations was found to be superior to placebo in reducing the frequency of drop seizures in patients with LGS and convulsive seizures in patients with DS. Preliminary results from a recently completed controlled trial indicate that efficacy also extends to the treatment of seizures associated with the tuberous sclerosis complex. The most common adverse events that differentiated CBD from placebo in controlled trials included somnolence/sedation, decreased appetite, increases in transaminases, and diarrhea, behavioral changes, skin rashes, fatigue, and sleep disturbances. About one-half of the patients included in the DS and LGS trials were receiving concomitant therapy with clobazam, and in these patients a CBD-induced increase in serum levels of the active metabolite norclobazam may have contributed to improved seizure outcomes and to precipitation of some adverse effects, particularly somnolence.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%...265-019-01171-4
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